Hydraulic operating and control mechanism for machine tools



y 1943 c; LINDEN EIAL 2,319,551

HYDRAULIC OPERATING AND CONTROL MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS Filed m 9. 1937 11 Sheets-Sheet l i INVENTORI BY M 6 M M 71636414...

60079 r 4/4192? ATTORNEY,

y 8, 1943 E. LINDEN H Al; 2,319,551

HYDRAULIC OPERATING AND CONTROL-MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS Filed Aug. 9, 19 37 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORJ BY 2/. wad/4 Mm M ATTORNEY:

.May 18, 1943 c. E. LINDEN ETAL 1 HYDRAULIC QPERATING AND CONTROL MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS Filed Aug. 9, 1957 .11 Sheets-Sheet 3 y 1943 c. E. LINDEN ETAL 2,319,551

HYDRAULIC OPERATING AND CONTROL MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOL Filqd Aug. 9, 1937 7 l1 Sheets-Sheet 4 y 1943 c. E. LINDEN ETAL 2,319,551

HYDRAULIC OPERATING AND CONTROL MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS Filed Aug. 9, 1937 11 Sheets-Sheet 5 60M: UM ATTORNE? 1 1943 c. E. LINDEN a-rm. 2,319,551

HYDRAULIC OPERATING AND CONTROL- MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS Filed Aug. 9, 1937 11 Sheets-Sheet 6 k\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\WWW IIIIIII/II/IY/IIIAV/l/A y 18, 1943 c. E. LINDEN EI'AL 2,319,551

HYDRAULIC OPERATING AND CONTROL MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS Filed Aug. 9, 1937 ll SheetS Sheet B 67 w z; m

' I INVENTORSF 9. ffleim BY @m'm 21mm /Mr Mini ATTORNEY) May 18,' 1943 c. E. LINDYEN ETAL HYDRAULIC OPERATING AND CONTROL MECHANISM ron MACHINE TOOLS 11 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed Aug. 9, 1937 M y 8,1 4s LINDEN Em 2 319,551

HYDRAULIC OPERATING AND CONTROL MECI 'IANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS Filed Aug. 9, 1937 11 Sheets-Sheet 10 May 18, 1943 c E. LINDEN ETAL HYDRAULIC OPERATING AND CONTROL MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS Filed ,Aug. 9, 1937 11 Sheets-Sheet I1 I II n 3/6 I I :I I

ATTORNEY Patented May 18,

HYDRACLIC OPERATING AND CONTROL MECHANISM FOR MACHINE TOOLS Carl E. Linden, Norwood, and Raymond E.

McClellan, Hamilton, Ohio, assignors to The Fosdick Machine Tool Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application August 9, 1937, Serial No. 158,070

27 Claims.

invention relates to machine tools and is particularly directed to radial drills. More particularly the improvements concern the application of hydraulics to the control and operation;

of a radial drill or any machine tool'einbodyingl structure to which the hydraulic system of the present invention may find application.

In the conventional drill, a base is provided incorporating a stump upon which stump a column is rotatably mounted. An arm is mounted on the: column and projects radially therefrom carrying a drill head movable along the armwhereby as a result of the rotatable movement of the arm and thetraversing of the head, the drill may be positioned as desired with respect to the work mounted on the base. The arm is raised or lowered to position, approximately at the correct elevation and thereafter, the drill is fed and rotated from a drive transmission within the head. I

l The column is fixed or clamped upon the stump by means of a column clamp and the arm clamped upon the column by means of an arm clamp. A driving mechanismis provided for raising or lowering the am through the medium of either a rotating screw and a fixed nut or a fixed nut and a rotating screw. The head is moved along the rail of the arm either by power means or bymanual means. It has been conventional to provide some type of safety nut associated with the elevating mechanism for controlling the arm movement so as to prevent falling thereof in'case the nut or screw threads are stripped.

It has been the object of which the arm is raised and lowered, the head is traversed, the column is clamped and/or the arm is clamped by fluid pressure.

It has been a further object to provide a hy'- draulically operated and controlled radial' drill -radial drill in which the fluid pump is constantly driven as long as the main motor of the radial drill is operated and to this end bypassing the the present invention to provide. a radial drill of this character in erate against a head pressure of any sort, including for this purpose a secondary control circuit altered by the manipulation of any of the levers controlling any of the movements for causing the pump to deliver a fluid pressure into the system suflicient for the operations intended.

It has been the further object of the present invention to provide for the control of the arm clamp and arm elevating mechanisms through the same lever wherein the system is efiective for causing unclamping of the arm in advance.

of elevating movement of the arm or, vice versa, bringing about this result through the interpositioning of devices in the system automatically set in motion by the movement of the lever to either arm raising, or arm lowering position.

It has been the further object of the present invention to provide an arrangement of the hydraulic control and operating units whereby they may be conveniently and quickly removed from the machine and in the case of the clamping motors and their attendant valves providing an association of these parts and valves as a unit in the reservoir, eliminating certain of the conduits by havingrthe parts directly within the reservoir.

It has been a further object of the present invention to incorporatean automatic stop mechanism associated with the arm for terminating raising or lowering motion of the arm within certain limits, this stop mechanism being eifeetive upon the hydraulic control mechanism for the arm elevating hydraulic motor.

It has been a further objectof the present invention'to improve the general arrangement of the hydraulic control system toward the end of simplifying the same and rendering it more efiicient and more easily assembled. a

These objectives have been achieved, the hydraulic control and operating mechanism herein disclosed being exemplary of apparatus which is within the concept of the present invention.

Other objects and certain advantages will be more fully apparent from a description of the accompanying drawings, 'in which: A

Figure 1 is a perspective view looking toward the front of a radial drill incorporating the bydischarge of the pump so that it does not opdraulic mechanisms of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a perspective view looking toward the rear of the radial drill.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary enlarged view looking the arm illustrating certain units of the mechanisms adjacent to the column such as the pumping unit, the valve unit and the hydraulic motor units.

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken on line 5-5,

' Figure 4, further showing the structure of the arm around the column.

Figure 6 is a sectional view taken on line 6-6,

Figure 5, illustrating the transmission extending from one of the hydraulic motors to the elevating nut.

Figure 7 is a sectional view taken on line 1-1,.

Figure 4, showing the column clamp, operating motor and valve.

Figure'8 is a sectional view taken on line 8-8, Figure 7, illustrating the hydraulically operated motors for operating the column clamp and the arm clamp.

Figure 9 is a sectional view taken on line 9-9,

illustrating the valves reversed by operation of.

the respective motors to the unclamping position. Figure 12 is a fragmentary side view of the radial drill looking toward the motor support end of the arm and illustrating the arm and column clamps. 1

Figure 13 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line l3-l3, Figure 12, showing details of the arm clamp.

Figure 14 is a sectional view taken on line ld-ll, Figure 13," showing in enlarged detail the mechanism of the arm clamp in released position. Figure 15 is a sectional view taken on line ls-l5, Figure 12, detailing the column clamp.

Figure 16 is a fragmentary condensed partially sectional view looking toward the front of the arm and detailing the extension of the various control means from the head along the arm to the region of the column.

Figure 17 is a sectional view taken. on hne "-11, Figure 16, illustrating in detail the 'control levers at the head for controlling the elevating nut and arm clamp control lever and the head traverse motor control lever.

Figure 18 is a sectional view taken on line l8-l8, Figure 16, illustrating the connections between the control rods to the valve unit at the rear of the arm.

Figure 19 is a sectional view taken on line Iii-l9, Figure 16, detailing the control levers on the head for mechanically locking the head in position and for controlling the hydraulic motor operating the column clamp.

Figure 20 is. a sectional view taken on line 20-20, Figure 16, showing the device for maintaining the head traverse control lever in neutral. Figure 21 is a sectional view taken on line 2l-2l Figure 3, illustrating the hydraulic motor and transmission for traversing the head.

- Figure 22 is a fragmentary top plan view of the arm showing a portion of the head and illustrating the hand traverse for the head.

Figure 23 is a sectional view taken on line 23-23, Figure 4, illustrating the connection of the control linkages to the valve unit.

Figure 24 is a sectional view taken on line 24-24, Figure 23, showing in detail the connections of the control linkages into the valve unit. Figure .25 is a fragmentary partially sectional view enlarged out of Figure 4 and illustrating part of the transmission connecting the power to the Figure 26 is an end 'view of Figure 25 further illustratingthe transmission to the pump.

Figure 27 is a sectional view taken on line 21-21, Figure 6, showing the safety nut associated with the elevating nut and its connection to the hydraulic means.

Figure 28 is .a sectional view taken from a portion of Figure 6 showing the safety-nut in operative position after being released by predetermined wear of the nut threads, the valve thereupon bypassing the oil supply to the elevating motor and rendering it inoperative and also, after release and return of control lever to neutral locking arm clamp in position.

Figure 29 is a sectional view taken on line 29-29, Figure 28, further illustrating the safety nut operated valve.

Figure 30 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the hydraulic circuits and the various devices utilized in the present system for operating the column -clamp, arm clamp traversing the head, and elevating the arm, the system being shown in neutral position.

Figure 31 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the system by showing the various valves in position for causing operation of the respective control motors; in other words, releasing the clamps, moving the arm and traversing the head.

Figure 32 is a diagrammatic view of the system showing the various control valves reversed from the positions shown in Figure 31 for driving the I head in a reverse direction and changing the direction of the elevation of the arm.

The present improvements have been incorporated in a radial drill having the conventional major elements or parts. In certain of the general views, the hydraulic system has been omitted, that is, with respect to piping. The conduit connections between the various elements and units of the hydraulic system are fully illustrated in the diagrammatic views. To simplify the illustration, only the mechanical control apparatus and connections are shown in the detailed views.

Toward the end of presenting the subject matter of the invention in orderly fashion, the description will proceed first with an outline of the major parts of the radial drill, then with respect to the mechanical units operated by the hydraulics such as, the column clamp, the arm clamp and elevating mechanism, and the head derstanding of the method of providing and distributing the fluid pressure. The description of the hydraulics will include a description of the safety nut operating a hydraulic control for automatically discontinuing the operation of the General description of the environment of the invention The radial drill to which these improvements are applied, is to the major extent, a conventional structure.- It includes a base 50, including a stump rotatably supporting the column 52. The column carries an arm 53 extending radially therefrom and slidable up and down on the main portion of the column. The column includes a base portion 54 in which the column clamp is incorporated. A cap 55 is provided at its upper end. Between the cap and the base portion, a-

stationary screw 56 is disposed in a parallelism with the column passing through the arm and engaged by an elevating nut 51.

The arm carries a drill head unit 58 including a driving mechanism for driving a chuck in which a drill 58 is engaged. At this point it is pointed out that it is unnecessary to discuss the details of the mechanism within the head for driving the drill, since the present invention only pertains to the head insofar as the control levers are associated therewith or insofar as the head is traversed hydraulically.

For the purpose of traversing the head, a screw 50 is disposed along the'arm and passes through the head. The screw has its outer end journalled in a. bracket 6| at the outer end of the arm and its inner end extended into a casing adjacent the column where it is in transmission connection with a hydraulic motor. away from the column opposite the drill head carrying portion to provide a support for the electric motor .62. The motor 62 not only drives the mechanism within the head, but drives the tar drawing the portions of the base of the 001-- umn together upon the stump.

The shaft 68 which rotates the cam is splined ing bushing I'I disposed through an aperture The arm extends hydraulic pump by means of which allof the shown in Figure 4 and detailed in Figures 25 and 26. y

The arm is equipped with a clamping mechanism effective for drawing together the portions of the armencircling the column at either side of a split, this, of course, being conventional.

Column clamping mechanism As has been stated previously, the column includes a base portion 54. This is seen in detail in Figures 12 and 15. :This base portion fits over the stump 5| and is rotatable thereon. The base is split longitudinally from its lower edge upwardly, this split 65 joining a circumferential split 66 extending partially around the base of the column. This provides flexible portions encircling the stump and separated by the split 55. One of these portions has an outwardly projected 111g 61 and the other has a pair of spaced horizontally disposed lugs 68. A splined shaft 58 is disposed vertically being mounted in .the lugs 68 and projecting upwardly through the arm. The lower end of this shaft 68 has a cam Ill keyed thereto. The cam includes hubs extending into and joumalled to the lugs 68, the cam portion extending between the lugs. The cam portion traverses a yoke II .adjustably fixed by screw threading on the end of a clamping rod I2 traversing a clearance bore 13 in the lug 61 across the split 85. A thrust sleeve I4 is disposed on the clamping rod against the opposite side of the lug 61. and is held thereagainstby a pair of nuts I5 screwed on the outer end of the rod against the thrust sleeve I4. According1y.-within a certain range of rotation, the cam is effective in the tank casing 18 mounted on the arm' of the drill and attached thereto by means of a flange I8 secured by screws 18a. This tank 18 contains the oil used in the hydraulic system. The upper end of the -sleeve projecting above the supporting bushing is encircled by a collar 88 fixed thereto by means of a set screw 88a. Thus, this operating arm I6 carried by'the arm of the drill, is free to slide up and down on the splined shaft and at the same time is connected rotatably thereto. I

The arm is connected to the piston 8| of the clamping motor '82,by means of a link 83 attached by pins to the end oftln arm and to the end of the piston rod 84. The motor cylinder consistsof a sleeve having its forward end closed by abutment against a plate 86. The sleeve is held in this position by screws 81.. Its rear end is closed by means of a head 88 secured in position by means 'of screws 89. V

The plate 86 carries the operating motors or devices and certain of the control valves for both the column clamp and the .arm clamp. This plate is fixed in position over an opening in the casing 18 by means of screws 80. Thus a convenient arrangement is provided for removing the clamping motors and valves as a unit. Inasmuchas the remainder of the operating structure is purely hydraulic with the exception of the control leverage, the description will now be directed to the control for this clamp.

Column clamp control leverage The column clamp is controlled from the drill head by means of a lever-8|. The lever 8| (see Figures 16 and 19) is fulcrumed on a pin 82 disposed between the, plate sections 83 and 84 making up a housing for theoperating parts of this lever and the lever for mechanically locking the head in position. One of the plates is slotted to receive the lever on' the pin 82. The lever depends verticallyand has its operating knob disposed below the head adjacent the drill for convenient access. The lever may be described as a bell-crank lever and has its operating arm A in the form of the segment ofgear teeth, which its opposite side and these teeth are enga ed by teeth on the end of an arm 86 fixed to the control rod 81. The control rod 8'! has its outer end journalled for rotation in the bracket 6! of the radial drill arm and its inner end pinned and socketed in a stub shaft 88 journalled in the wall of the casing 88. The casing 88 forms a juncture box in which the leverages are directed to the rear of the arm.

A bifurcated arm Hill is fixed to the stub shaft 88 within the casing and is connected by a rod I (II to another bifurcated arm .IIIZ fixed on the outer end of a yoke shaft I03 joumalled in the walls of, and disposed across the valve unit I04.

4 The u m passes. through slots |us m5, in

the back and front walls of the arm adjacent the column. A yoke I06 is fixed on the shaft I03 within the casing to the column valve clam p'control unit, the yoke having the usual grooved connections of the valve I01. The valve I01 i appropriately connected by oil conduits to the motor 82 previously described as well'as to other units of the system in accordance with the diagrams which will hereinafter be described.

Arm clamp draw-bolts are connected respectively to wedging levers H5 by means of cross pins II6. Surrounding these draw-bolts and lying. against the flange H3 are thrust washers II 1. .The outer ends of the wedging levers include cams H8 on their outer ends having rounded contact portions engaging the thrust washers H1.

The adjacent ends of the arms H5 are actuated for drawing the bolts through a compressing action between the outer ends of the leversand the nuts H4, H4 tending to-wedge the split portions of the arm together on the column. To this end the adjacent ends. of the arm carry rollers H9. Otherfrollers I20 are joumalled within a wedging unit.I2I- fixed in a notch in the flange H3. The unit I 2I carries rollers I22 loosely disposed between the rollers I I9 and I20 and urged therebetween, as shown in Figure 12, by means of a wedge I23. The element I23 is fixed on the end of a translatable operating shaft I24 by means of a nut; I25. The unit I2I consists of plates I 26I21 providing a slot therebetween for housing the rollers and wedge. These plates are held on the flange H3 by screws I20. The shaft projects slidably through the other flange H3 as shown in Figure 8 and is attached to the outer end of the motor shaft I29.

The hydraulic motor'l30 is of the same structure as the motor 82,'and further description thereof is unnecessary.

Elevating nut drive impart a' rotary motion. The motor body or elements are secured in position by means of a nut I engaging one bearing and drawing the gear or gear portion against the other bearing.

From the shaft I40 the drive is transmitted by means of gear'teeth I46 formed in the shaft in mesh with a gear I41. The gear I41 is loosely joumalled ona shaft I48 on a ball bearing I49. The shaft I48 is fixed in position against rotation and the gear is held against the ball bearings including for this purpose an overhanging flange engaging the ball bearings, by means of a collar I50 fixed to a shaft.

The gear I41 meshes with another gear I5I loosely rotatably joumalled on a shaft I52 fixed in a wall of the arm. A bearing I53 supports the gear on the shaft. The gear is fixed on the outer race of the bearings and the inner race is held against a shoulder of the shaft by means of the nut I54. The gear I5I meshes with a gear I55 fixed to the elevating nut 51 by means of a key I56.

The nut 51 is in the form of a sleeve, providing considerable threaded bearing on the stationary screw 56. It is mounted for rotation on ball bearings I51I51 fixed in the arm and at the respective ends of the nut. A nut I58 is screwed on the upper end of the elevating nut and en gages the upper bearing against a shoulder of tile elevating nut, and the driving gear I55 against the lower bearing, the engagement being with the inner races of the respective bearings. The driving gear lies against a shoulder of the elevating nut.

A cap member I59 is held against the top of the arm by means of screws I60 including an inwardly extended annular flange engaging the outer race of the upper ball-bearing. This cap carries a sealing ring I6I surrounding the upwardly extending end of the elevating nut.

A safety nut I62 is associated with the elevating nut and is effective for operating a hydraulic control mechanism. In the event that the threads of the nut become worn, to an unsafe degree, the safety nut will cause the hydraulic system to operate in such a manner as to render inoperative the elevating nut driving means and to guarantee the reclamping of the arm and thereafter preventing unclamping of the arm clamp or operation of the elevating nut.

Arm clamp and elevating nut drive control leverage clamp is controlled or operated through the same lever which controls the opera- 'lhis' lever is indicated at I63 and is best shown inFigures 16 and 1'7. The lever I63, as well as 7 casing I32 is flxedto a bearing sleeve element 1 I44, the res I33 by means of screws I34.; Both the casing and the sleeve. include flanges which are superimposed-the flange of the bearing sleeve I33 being I fixed to. the arm by means of screw I 35.

The shaft I36 of the motor is in keyed connec-' .tion with the hub of a pinion gear I31, meshing with a gear I38. The gear I31 is suitably jour- 'nalled in the bearing sleeve by means ofball bearings I39. A gear I38 is fixed on the end of tion of the motor,- raising and lowering the arm.

- the remainder of the control levers, is associated witliythe drill head and projects from the front s'ide'thereof. The lever is pivoted on a boss I64 within a control lever casing I65 on a pivot pin I68 and projects forwardly through a vertical slot I61 in the front wall of the control lever I63 andextends upwardly through the casing. The upper end of the link attached to the outer caslngJI65 fixed to the drill head. A link I68 is attached to an intermediate portion of the lever end of an arm I69 is fixed to the control I10.

The control rod I10 is joumalled at the outer end of the arm in the bracket 6I and at the inner end in one wall of the casing 99 in which the connections or couplings of the various rods for transmission of movement to the valve unit I04,

are disposed. The end of the rod is pinned to a stub shaft I1I joumalled in the aforesaid wall,

the inner end of the stub shaft carrying a bifurcated arm I12. The arm I12 is coupled or connected to a bifurcated arm I13 fixed on a shaft I14 joumalled in the wall of the casing of the valve unit I04. The valve unit casing is attached to the back of the arm by means of screws I15. The connection betweenthe arms I12 and I13 is a link I16 passing through slots I in the back and front walls of the arm. An arm I11 is fixed to the shaft I14 and carries awrist pin I18 rotatably passing through theintermediate portion of a yoke I19 (see Figure 24). The yoke has its slotted ends engaged in grooves of the valves I80 and I 8| arm clamping and elevating respectively.

The control lever I63 for the arm clamp and elevating motor is held in neutral position orposition wherein the arm is clamped and the elevating motor is stationary by means of a stabilizing or balancing device comprising opposing spring-urged detent pins I82, I82. These pins engage the opposite sides of the outer end of the arm I69. The pins are mounted in the wall of the casing I65 and include heads I83 limiting their movement toward each other and against the arm I62. Toward this end the heads of the pins are held against the bottom of sockets by means of coil springs I84 held under compression and in place by plugs I85.

Head traverse mechanism As stated, the head is traversed by the screw 60. The inner end of the screw carries a bevel gear I86 within the juncture box or casing 99. A pinion I81 meshes with this bevel gear I86 and is fixed to a motor shaft I88 journalled in the casing and in the arm. This last named shaft extends from a hydraulic motor I89 fixed to the back of the arm.

As shown in Figure 22, the threads of the screw 60 are engaged by a worm wheel I90, which is normally held in stationary position within the head. A worm I9I fixed on the end of a hand rotated shaft I92 within the head meshes with the teeth of the worm wheel I90. A hand wheel I93 is provided on the last named shaft I92. When the hand wheel is rotated, the worm wheel I90 is rotated and the head is moved manually along the screw. During this manual movement, the threads of the screw function as .the teeth of a rack. The worm I9I prevents rotation of being contained in counterbores and held against the bottombf the counterbores by coil springs 202 under compression held within the counterbores by plugs 203. A name plate 204 is fixed across the detent carrying member 205 indicating the direction of movement of the head traverse control lever. These detent pins normally lie against the bottom of the sockets constituted by the counterbores and in these positions hold the lever in neutral.

Movement of the lever can take place against one or the other of the detent pins. The detent pin then compressed will act to return the lever against the other detent pin when the lever is released. The control rod is socketed in a stub shaft 206 in the juncture box or casing 99, the stub shaft carrying a bifurcated arm 201 in the casing. This arm is connected to another arm 208 at the side of the valve box or unit I 04, by means of a link 209. Another detent arrangement for balancing the arm at neutral is provided with respect to the last mentioned bifurcated arm, the detent pins 2I0 being mounted in lugs 2I I of the valve box and engaging opposite sides of an extension 2I2 of the arm. The bifurcated arm 209 is fixed on the outer end of the cross shaft 2I3 of the valve box. The cross shaft 2 I3 carries a valve shifting yoke 2 thereon with the box in connection ,with the groove of the head traverse control valve 2I5; which valve is hydraulically connectedto the head traverse motor I89, as will be explained later.

Safety nut mechanism The safety nut I62 is best illustrated in Figures 6 and 27 to 29 inclusive. It consists of a pair of nutsegments disposed across a diametric slot 2I6 in the elevating nut 51. It is free to move vertically or longitudinally of the elevating nut when the threads of the elevating nut become worn (see Figure 28). In other words, relative vertical motion then occurs between the elevating nut 51 and the safety nut I62, so that the safety nut becomes effective for operating a control means on the arm.

Toward the end of transmitting the movement necessary for controlling the hydraulics for discontinuing .the elevating motor drive, the following mechanism i provided. A ring or collar M1 the worm wheel I90 when the screw is rotated so the worm wheel is then constituted as a fixed part or stationary nut against which the screw \is rotated.

Head traverse control leverage The hydraulic motor I89 for traversing the head is controlled by means of the lever I94' shown in Figures 16 and 17. This lever I94 is disposed horizontally and projects from the leverage box or casing I65 at the side of the head. It is fixed on the lower extended end of a vertical shaft I95 joumalled in the lever box or casing and having a spiral gear segment I96 fixed on its upper end in mesh with the spiral gear I91 keyed to the longitudinal control shaft I98. The rotation of the lever, therefore, rotates the l'ast'named control shaft.

For the purpose of maintaining the head traverse lever in neutral position, a balancing device is provided. The hub I99 of the lever includes a flat side providing arms 200. Detent pins 20I engage these arms respectively. one at each side of the center of the vertical shaft (see Figure 20). The detent pins are headed, the heads encircles the medial cylindrical portion of the elevating nut in the plane of the safety nut and is secured to the safety nut by means of radially disposed screws 2I8. The inner end of a lever 2I9, adapted to be displaced, carries a roller 220, which rides upon the collar or ring. The

outer end of the lever is pivoted on a pin 22I fixed in a valve carrier bracket 222 attachedto the side of the arm. Both the arm and the bracket are appropriately grooved, as at 223, to provide clearance for movement of the lever 2I9.

A valve unit 224 is supported in this bracket and incorporates a plunger valve 225 slidably mounted in the valve casing, or cylinder 226, the cylinder incorporating suitable heads 221. A screw 228 is adjustably fixed in the lever intermediate its length, and is normally in engagement with a groove '229 at the outer end of the valve stem 230. The valve is urged to a by-pass position, effective for by-passing the oil being delivered to'the elevating mechanism and the arm clamp, by means of a coil spring 23I under' compression around the valve stem between the inner cylinder head 221 and the body of the valve. The valve is appropriately grooved as at 232 and this groove-is associated with ports for circuit pur-- position.

hereafter.

Head clamp mechanism The head 58- is clamped in position on the rail 240 of the arm 53 by means of a lever 24I fulcrume'd on a pin 242 in the lever box, constituted by the plates 93, 94, mounted at the left-hand side of the head (see Figures 3 and 19). The handle end 243 of the lever projects downwardly and outwardly adjacent to the column control lever 9|. The inner end of the lever includes a segment of gear teeth 244 engaging with the I teeth 245 of a rack 246. The rack extends slidably upwardly in the box and as shown in Figure 3, includes additional teeth 241 at its upper end meshing with gear teeth 248 on a rotatable member 249 screwed into the side of the head. The rotatable member engages against the outer end of a slidable wedge bar 258 disposed crosswise of the head and having'its inner end angularly cut and in engagement with the angular end of a second wedging bar 25! extending downwardly and engaging the medial portion of a clamping plate 252 lying against the rail. Thus, movement of the lever in one direction presses the clamping plate against the rail and locks the head in Automatic arm limit stops Movement of the arm in either direction is limited definitely by a stop arrangement of the ,following nature: A vertically disposed rod 253 Fluid pressure supply mechanism The pump is generally indicated at 265 and is driven from the motor shaft 2660f the motor 62.

A transmission casing 261 is fixed to the back of the arm. The motor shaft 266 extends into this casing and is supported in bearings 268 held in the casing by closure caps 269. The shaft carries a pinion 218 within the casing in mesh with a large gear 2" on the end of the drill head transmission I shaft 03. I

pads are adapted to contact cap 55 and the top flange of the base of the column respectively, and upon contact, to shift the rod in the respective directions. Within the casing the rod 253 traverses a lug portion 255 disposed between a pair of collars 256 and 251 fixed to the rod on opposite sides of the lug portion.

Coil springs 258 under compression are disposed around the rod and lie between the collars and the lug portion, thereby normally maintaining the rod ina balanced position yieldable in either direction. The rod is fixed to the bifurcated arm I12 of the arm clamp and elevating motor control rod I18. The connection consists of a stud 259 screwed into the rod and projecting radially therefrom through a rock pin 260 rotatably supported in an extension 26l of the bifurcated arm. Thus, upon contact of the rod with either the cap or the base of the column, the rod is translated for moving the control mechanism to neutral position. When the control mechanism is moved to position for either raising or lowering the arm, cheer the other of the compression springs is compressed since the rod is fixed to the bifurcated arm. Should the operator neglect to discontinue raising 0r lowering movement of the arm, the mechanism just described will be effective for forcing the control mechanism to a, neutral position. Upon release The gear 21f just mentioned is in mesh with a pump driving gear 212 (see Figure '25) having its hubs 213 supported in roller bearings 214 mounted in the casing. The pump shaft 215 is in keyed fluid to a tank through the conduit 289. The

valve is also effective for directing the fluid through a secondary or vent line incorporated in the system and permitting free circulation when the mechanisms are not being used. This bypass or vent line-is automatically closed when the fluid is used for operation and is effective for closing off the return conduit to the tank, there upon directing the fluid through the system. The transmission, connecting the motor shaft drive to the pump and to the drill head shaft, the pump, and a release valve are mounted as a unit and have their respective casings secured together, the entire unit being secured to the back of the arm by means of bolts 282.

Hydraulic system Referring to Figure 30 of the drawings, the

pump 265 is diagrammatically shown. As stated, the fluid is drawn, to apump through a conduit 211 from the tank 18. The conduit 211 includes a check valve 285 at its lower end. The tank 18 includes a breather opening 286. The relief or by-pass valve 219 is in connectionwith the discharge side of the pump by way of pipe 218. The return. pipe or by-pass 280 is connected to on end of the valve.

The details of the valye 21 9 are not fully disclosed, a diagrammatic form of illustration being selected to eliminate-the details of-this type of'valve which is well known. A floating valve 281 is provided within the relief valve. Normally, the'fluid being pumped from the tank, holds the headed end of this valve 281 against a seat 288 constituted by a, shoulder within the valve bore. The other end of the valve or the reduced end is adapted to seat over the by-pass outlet 289. A coil spring 290 under compression tends to urge the valve toward or against the by-pass outlet seat 289. A port 29| extends through the valve from the surface of the reduced portion, entering into the chamber housing the spring.

A relief valve control conduit 292 extends from this chamber and passes through the various valves eventually. returning to the tank. The arrangement is such that, when the pump is operating and none of the valves have been moved to operative position for any of the mechanisms, the fluid passes two ways from the valve, namely, through the by-pass 280 and through the secondary control pipe 292, in both instances returning to the tank. Thus, the pump is not working against full load, unless the mechanism is being operated, no substantial head pressure being created since the fluid is moving back into the tank under only normal pressure of 20-25 lbs., through the pipe 280. The port 29I is small being approximately one sixteenth of an inch in diameter. The vent line or conduit 292 is larger, being approximately one fourth of an inch in diameter. The fluid passing through the line 292 is under about 20-25 lbs. per square inch. Accordingly, when the supply is not being used the electric motor is not being loaded unnecessarily and no horsepower is being taken from the drive to the drill..

Therelief valve controlp ipe or conduit 292 has been arranged with respect to the valves so that movement of any one of the valves to a motor operating position will block this line and cause the pressure in the spring chamber and the pressure within the main valve chamber, or in the pipe 218, to equalize. Thereupon the spring 290 acts to move the valve across to the seat 289 and the fluid then must .pass into the main supply pipe 293, leading to the various valves and the head pressure builds up sufliciently for operating blocked conduit 292 at the beginning of the operation, at which time the groove 301 of the valve 300 is disposed in position for maintaining the conduit 304 in open condition. When the motor piston ,8I moves to clamping position,.the groove 301 lines up with the sections of the conduit 305. This control conduit is then uninterrupted passing through the respective valves by way of groove 306 and groove 301.

The supply pipe 293 extends to the arm clamp- In Figure 30, the arm clamp is through conduit 3 to the end of the clamping motor cylinder I30. A control valve 3I2 for the relief valve'control line 'is associated with the motor I30. This valve is fixed to the piston rod Y of the motor I by means of a bar and must move shown in Figure 30, the valve I01 is in clampingposition. A lever 9| controlling this valve is held in position by means of the detent 95a (see Figure 19). In this position the fluid passes from the pipe 294 through a groove 2950f thevalve to a pipe 296. This latter pipe connects to one end of the column clamp operating motor 82. The piston ill of the column clamp motor isthen forced in column'clamping direction.

It will be understood at this point that the column clamp is self-sustaining in each position. That is to say, it is unnecessary to maintain the fluid pressure on either side of the piston 8| to hold the clamp in either clamped or unclamped position. The clamping action has previously occurred and the piston is stationary as shown in Figure 30.

head is exhausted from the other end of the cylinder through pipe 291, returning'jto the valve and passing through groove 298, and thence by way of exhaust conduit 299 to the tank.

I Associated with the motor 82 (see Figures '7, 9 to 11 inclusive, and 30), is a valve 300. This valve has its stem connected to piston rod 84 of the motor 82 by means of a bar 30L This bar is free to slide upon the valve stem between the shoulders 302 and 303 thereof. When the motor piston is moved to clamping position, as shown in.Figtu'e 30, the valve 300 is shifted 'in the last phase of the piston movement to the In this clamping action, the fluid therewith. In the unclamped position of the arm clamp, the groove 3I3 of this valve is disaligned from the control pipe 292 where it passes across the bore of the valve. In the clamped position,

the groove 3I3 is aligned with the sections of the 3I5 is provided adjacent groove 3I0 which will exhaust the end of the motor cylinder I30 in the unclamping operation either by way of conduit 3 or through exhaust conduit 3I6 or through a branch conduit 3| 1 of conduit 3 through exhaust conduit 3I8.

The arm clamping motor I30 is exhausted in the clamping operation through conduit 3I8 leading back to the valve I80, through'one of the branches 3I9, by way of groove 320 and thence through either exhaust branch 32I, through conduit 3I8, back to the tank. Duplicate conduits 3I9 are provided at either side of the groove 322 which is in connection with the supply conduit 308. It will be seen that when the valveis either shifted to the right or left, supply conduit 308 is connected to the motor I30 through either of the conduits 3I9 and the unclamping movement of the motor I30 will take place.'

Due to the provision of the valves 300 and 3I2 .the pressure does not drop in the system until the motors 82 and I30 have moved to fully-clamped or unclamped positions. This is true, even though the levers controlling the main valves I 01 and I80 of thesemotors be released to neutral.

The elevating motor control valve I8I receives the fluid supply by .way of pipe 323 which includes an unloader valve 324.

The supply line 323 connects to pipe 3I8 so as to receive the fluid under pressure for the operation of the elevating motor I3I following the arm unclamping movement. Either of the grooves 325 of valve 323 connects the pipe I83 with the mo- I tor I3I through pipes 326 or 321 respectively, de-

In the position shown in Figure 30, the motor I3I is at rest since the valve has closed oil? passage 323. The grooves 325 also connect conduits 326 and 321 alternately to exhaust conduits 328 and 329. Accordingly, when the valve I8I is shifted,

- let us say to the right, the pipe 323 connects to vating motor until the arm clamping motor has functioned. The oil control conduit 292 passes through valve IBI by way of a groove 33I aligned with the conduit when the valve is in neutral position. This groove is essential since, upon the completion of the arm clamping motor stroke, the control passageway will have been reopened (see Figure 30, groove 3I3). However, the passage of oil through the control passage is still blocked as-long as the elevating motor control valve is in either elevating or lowering position.

The arm clamp motor requires approximately 150 lbs. of pressure per square inch for operation. Elevating motors require approximately 800 lbs. of pressure. The valve 324 unloads at slightly above 150 lbs. pressure. This assures operation of the arm clamp motor before the elevating motor receives pressure. The operation of valve 324 is dependent on the difference of pressure and the natural time delays required to operate the arm clamp motor and the elevating motor.

The supply pipe 293 is extended to the head traverse control valve 2I5, which is a duplicate of the elevating motor control valve so that its passageways are numbered in .duplicate.

The head traverse motor I89 may be operated slowly or rapidly due to the provision of chamfered edges 335 on that portion of the valve which blocks the supply when the valve is in neutral. In other words, by inching the lever, a variable inlet to the valve is effected. This valve. 2I5 includes the same arrangement for controlling the passage of oil through the control pipe 292 so that the valve is effective for blocking this pipe to supply the necessary fluid pressure to the motor I89 when desired.

Operation of the various motors When the column clamp lever 9| is moved to unclamped position, the'valve will assume the position shown in Figure 31. Thereupon, the control conduit 292 is blocked from the oondut 305 at the valve. Since the groove 301 is out of line at the beginning of motor operation, pressure is developed. 'Ihereupon, the fluid moves through pipe 294, pipe 291 and the clamp is unclamped. The exhaust takes place through pipe 296, through groove295 of valve I01 and through exhaust pipe 299 to the tank.

When the column clamp has been unclamped, the flow of oil through the control conduit 292 is reestablished through pipe 304, groove 301 of valve 300,- groove 3I3 of valve 3I2, and thence to the tank. Y

The next move the operator makes is to move the arm clamp and elevating motor control lever I63 in either direction dependent upon whether or not the arm is to be raised or lowered. One of these directions is assumed in Figure 31 and the other in Figure 32. Movement of the valve I 8| blocks the control conduit 292 since the groove 33I is disaligned. This causes the pump to deliver fluid under pressure through pipe 308, groove 322, through pipe 3I9, pipe 3I8, to the motor I30. This moves the motor to unclamping position, the exhaust taking place through conduit 3| I, branch conduit 3I1, groove 3I5 and exhaust pipe 3I6, back to the tank. As soon as the arm clamping motor has completed its stroke, pressure develops in the line 323 suflicient for unseating the unloader valve, the fluid then passing through the elevating motor control valve by way of groove 325, pipe 321, the motor I3I,

pipe 326, groove 325, exhaust pipe 328, and the main exhaust pipe 330, back to the tank.,

As long as the valve is in the position with its groove 3I3 disaligned from the control conduit 292, operating pressure is available. When the operator stops the elevating motor by shifting the control lever to neutral, the arm clamping valve will be in position for clamping the arm clamp in the final phase, this being possible since the control valve 3I2 has still blocked the control pipe 292. The head traverse motor may then be operated for moving the head along the arm, this being done by shifting the lever I94 in either direction, one direction being shown in Figure 31 and the other in Figure 32. As shown in Figure 31, the control conduit 292 is blocked upon the movement ofthe valve 'and fluid pressure is available passing through, line 293, groove 325, conduit 321, the motor I89, conduit 326, other groove 325, exhaust conduit 328, and the main exhaust conduit 330.

. the valve 225, the supply line 340 connected to.

By inching the valve through manipulation of the control lever for positioning the chamfered edges 335 of the valve, the speed of movement of the hydraulic motor of the head may be varied.

Operation of the safety nut When the safety nut operates due to a dangerously worn condition of the threads of the screw 56 and the lever 2|9 has been lifted to trip the main supply line 293 is opened to operate a valve 34I. This valve 34I is normally held in position with the groove 342 thereof out of alignment with an emergency exhaust passageway 343 by means of a spring 344. When this valve is operated for aligning the groove, the supply line 323 which has been supplying fluid under pressure to the elevating motor is exhausted and elevating movement instantly ceases.

Whenthe operator releases the control lever in neutral position, the arm clamping motor goes into operation and sets the arm clamp in the manner previously described. Thereafter, it is impossible to unclamp the arm due to the fact that the pipe 3I6 is connected to the exhaust and it is impossible to operate the elevating motor to move the arm up or down due to the fact that the conduit 323 is connected to the exhaust. I I

Having described our invention, we claim:

1. A hydraulic system for a radial drill or the like, including, a rotatablecolumn, an arm vertically adjustable on the column, a drill head movable along the arm, an arm clamp; a column clamp, an arm elevating mechanism, a head traversing mechanism, hydraulic motors for the clamps and mechanisms, a valve for controlling each motor, a pump forsupplying fluid under pressure to said motors through said valves, including a bypassage, a relief valve interposed between the fluid pressure supply means, and the said column, means for securing the column against rotation, screw means on the column and v the arm for raising and lowering the arm, a clamp associated with the arm for securing the arm to the column, hydraulic motors for the arm clamp and screw means respectively, a fluid supply means for delivering fluid under pressure to said motors, manually operated control valves for controlling said motors, a single lever for operating said valves, a supply conduit extending from the arm clamp motor to the arm elevating motor, said supply conduit including an unloader valve preventing the application of fluid pressure to the elevating motor until the arm clamping motor has been operated and pressure has developed sufllcient to operate the unlo'ader valve.

3. In a radial drill, a column, an arm adapted to be'raised and lowered on said column and to be clamped thereto, a screw associated with the column, an elevating nut associated with the arm, hydraulic means for causing relative rotation between said nut and screw, a control valve rror said hydraulic means, a safety valve associated with said nut and adapted to be tripped in the event that the threads of the nut become worn, said safety valve' connected to said hydraulic means for exhausting the same for automatically discontinuing the operation of the hydraulic means in said event.

4.. In a radial drill, including, the column, the arm vertically adjustably mounted on said col- *umn, the base for rotatably supporting the column, clamps for securing'the arm to the column and the column to the base respectively, either one or both of said clamps including a draw bolt land wedging means therefor, said wedg'ing means ;.immovable from the draw bolts and therefore, locked in either clamped or unclamped position,

a hydraulically actuated piston for operating said wedging means for moving it to one or the other position, and means for controlling said pistonmovement.

5. In a radial drill, a column, an arm adapted to be raised and lowered on said column and to be clamped thereto, a screw associated with the column, an elevating nut associated with the arm, hydraulic means for causing relative rotation between said nut and screw, a control valve for said hydraulic means, a safety valve connected to said elevating nut and adapted to be tripped when there is a predetermined directly axial movement between the screw and the elevating nut, said safety valve connected to said hydraulic means for exhausting the same for automatically discontinuingthe operation of the hydraulic means in the event there is predetermined relative movement between tne screw and the elevating nut.

6. In a radial drill or the like, a column, an arm vertically slidably mounted on said column, a screw on the ccumn extending through the arm for raising and lowering the arm, a nut in the arm engaging the screw, a clamp associated with the arm for securing the arm to the column, a hydraulic motor for said elevating nut, a hydraulic motor for the arm clamp, a fluid supply means for delivering fluid under pressure to said motors, control valves for said motors, a single lever for operating said valves, and a device interposed between the motors for delaying the operation of the elevating nut motor until the arm clamp motor has operated.

7 .In a radial drill, a column, an arm adapted to be raised and lowered on said column and to be clamped thereto, an arm clamp for securing the arm to-the column, a screw associated with the column, an elevating nut associated with the arm, hydraulic means for causing relative rotation between said nut and screw, hy-

draulic means for operating said arm clamp, control valves for said hydraulic means, a safety nut associated with said elevating nut, a safety valve connected to said safety nut and adapted to be tripped when there is relative movement between the safety nut and the elevating nut, said safety valve connected to said hydraulic means for exhausting the same for automatically by-passing the hydraulic means for preventing operation of either motor for movement of the arm or unclamping of the arm clamp.

8. A hydraulic system for a radial drill of the type including, a rotatable column having an arm translatable on the column, means for clamping the arm to the column, and means for raising and lowering the arm along the column; a hydraulic motor for driving the elevating means, a hydraulic motor-for moving the arm clamp from operative to unoperativejposition or vice versa, control valves for the respective motors,

, a pump for supplying fluid under pressure to said named conduit passing through each of said control valves, said relief valve including, an element unseated by the development of pressure in the relief valve conduit when either of the valves is moved to operative position, said element in the relief valve seating for blocking return passage'to the tank and to permit the flow of fluid through said conduits to the control valves.

9. In a radial drillthe combination with a stump, a column rotatably mounted on said stump, an arm slidably mounted on said column, a head translatably mounted on said arm, a clamp for securing said arm to said column, a screw mounted in said column and traversing the arm for raising and lowering the same, and means for traversing the head on the arm, of hydraulic motors for operating said clamp, said arm raising andlowering mechanism, and said head traversing mechanism, and a fluid system for operating said motors, including constantly driven fluid pressure supply means.

10. In a hydraulic controlsystem for radial drills, a fluid pump, apressure conduit in-connection with a hydraulic normally clamped arm clamp motor'and a hydraulic arm elevating motor, a manually operated control valve in said pressure conduit and exhaust conduits from said motors to said reservoir, a stationary elevating screw, an elevating nut in driving connection with said elevating motor, a safety nut associated with said elevating nut for unitary rotation and relative axial movement, a spring actuated normally closed trip valve in fixed relation to said elevating nut and having a trip, lever in connec- 

